\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n
?\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 PH:<\/p>\n
1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n
2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
– \u0645\u0646 Ka<\/p>\n
– \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643<\/p>\n
– \u0645\u0646 \u200e%\u200e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n
(\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a)<\/p>\n
3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n
\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n
4\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629)\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n
(\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u200e%\u200e)<\/p>\n
– \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 Ka<\/p>\n
– \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 Kb<\/p>\n
5\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636(\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0648 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641) \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 H \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 OH (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633)<\/p>\n
6\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 H \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 OH \u0627\u0648<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 10 \u0627\u0633 -14<\/p>\n
– \u0646\u062c\u062f PH \u0645\u0646 POH \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 = 14<\/p>\n
? \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/p>\n
1\ufe0f\u20e3\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628<\/p>\n
2\ufe0f\u20e3\u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 H \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n
\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u060c<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 OH \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628<\/p>\n
\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n
3\ufe0f\u20e3\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u060c<\/p>\n
4\ufe0f\u20e3\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 (\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646)<\/p>\n
5\ufe0f\u20e3\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636<\/p>\n
\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n
– \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 H \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631<\/p>\n
– \u0646\u062c\u062f PH \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1\/2<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 Ka<\/p>\n
6\ufe0f\u20e3\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064a<\/p>\n
– \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 H \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631<\/p>\n
– \u0646\u062c\u062f PH \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 1\/2<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 Kb<\/p>\n
7\ufe0f\u20e3\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n
? \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631:<\/p>\n
1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 2 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n
2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u060c<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 2 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n
4\ufe0f\u20e3 (\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647)<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 H \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n
H=Ka * acid\/salt<\/p>\n
\u0648 PH \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n
PH=PKa+log(salt\/acid)<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 ?\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n
5\ufe0f\u20e3 (\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627)<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 OH \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n
OH=Kb*base\/salt<\/p>\n
\u0648 POH \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n
POH=PKb+log(salt\/base)<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 ? \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/p>\n
6\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
7\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u060c<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n
8\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 4 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u060c<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0647 4 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0627\u064e\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n
– \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647 +\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
– \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647 + \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
– \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 + \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
– \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 + \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
9\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n
10) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/p>\n
\u0627\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0647 + \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
11) \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0641\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628 PH<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
\u0627\u064e\u064a \u0644\u0647 PH? \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n
12) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0647 4<\/p>\n
\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n
– \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 M2 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n
– \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
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– \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 n \u0648 V<\/p>\n
– \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
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?\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 Ksp:<\/p>\n
(\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639)<\/p>\n
1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 Ksp:<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 18)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Ksp<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 17)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Ksp<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u064617)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f Ksp \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n
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2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n
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– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f PH \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 OH \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/p>\n
\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 Ksp \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 (\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 19)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628) \u0645\u0646 Ksp \u0648 OH (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n
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4\ufe0f\u20e3 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 Qsp:<\/p>\n
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– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 y \u0645\u0646 Ksp<\/p>\n
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– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f Ksp \u0645\u0646 y \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a<\/p>\n
(\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a 2016\/\u062f1)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 Ksp \u0648 y<\/p>\n
(\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a 2014\/\u062f3)<\/p>\n
– \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Ksp \u0648 y (\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\/2015)<\/p>\n
\u270d\ufe0f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a: ?\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648 PH: 1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d 2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 – \u0645\u0646 Ka – \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 – \u0645\u0646 \u200e%\u200e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a) 3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1232,"url":"https:\/\/habeeballj.com\/?p=1232","url_meta":{"origin":181,"position":0},"title":"\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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